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22 pages, 636 KB  
Systematic Review
The Impact of ADHD on Children’s Language Development
by Dimitra V. Katsarou and Asimina A. Angelidou
Children 2026, 13(2), 206; https://doi.org/10.3390/children13020206 (registering DOI) - 31 Jan 2026
Abstract
Background: This research explores the complex relationship between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and language skills, focusing on the impact of the disorder on children’s language development. It is designed as a systematic literature review to synthesize and evaluate existing evidence on this [...] Read more.
Background: This research explores the complex relationship between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and language skills, focusing on the impact of the disorder on children’s language development. It is designed as a systematic literature review to synthesize and evaluate existing evidence on this topic. Based on the existing literature, ADHD affects multiple dimensions of language, including phonological awareness, pragmatic comprehension, morphosyntactic structure, narrative skills, and written expression. The difficulties that children with ADHD exhibit at the language level are directly related to their deficits in working memory, attention, and organization, which make it challenging for them to acquire and use language at both educational and social levels. Methods: This study followed the PRISMA methodology, with a systematic selection process across four stages (identification, screening, eligibility, and inclusion). During the identification phase, 475 records were identified (450 from database searches and 25 through reference screening). After screening and applying inclusion criteria, 15 studies met all eligibility requirements and were included in the final synthesis. Results: The present research highlighted the important role that occupational therapists and psychologists can play in the language development of children with ADHD. Strategic interventions to alleviate the language difficulties of children with ADHD are designed to enhance phonological awareness, executive function, speech and language, the use of technological tools, and social skills training. Conclusions: The importance of early diagnosis and implementation of holistic, individualized interventions targeting the language, executive, and social difficulties manifested by children with ADHD is considered influential in addressing the barriers to improving language skills as effectively as possible. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cognitive Development in Children: 2nd Edition)
28 pages, 1932 KB  
Review
Drug-Coated Balloons in Coronary Bifurcation Disease: A State-of-the-Art Review
by Saad M. Ezad, Natasha Khullar, Peter O’Kane and Jonathan Hinton
J. Pers. Med. 2026, 16(2), 75; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm16020075 (registering DOI) - 31 Jan 2026
Abstract
Coronary bifurcation disease remains one of the more challenging lesion subsets to treat with percutaneous coronary intervention due to bifurcation geometry and increased risk of target lesion failure. Whilst a provisional approach is preferred in most bifurcations, two-stent techniques may be required where [...] Read more.
Coronary bifurcation disease remains one of the more challenging lesion subsets to treat with percutaneous coronary intervention due to bifurcation geometry and increased risk of target lesion failure. Whilst a provisional approach is preferred in most bifurcations, two-stent techniques may be required where there is a high risk of side branch compromise or a bailout; however, this further increases procedure complexity. Drug-coated balloons (DCBs) are emerging as a promising alternative that allow vessel healing without leaving behind a permanent metallic implant by delivering antiproliferative medication directly to the vessel wall and simplifying procedures. This state-of-the-art review summarises the current evidence and the evolving role of DCBs in the management of coronary bifurcation lesions with a focus on patient- and lesion-specific factors that might influence the treatment strategy choice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Complex and High-Risk Coronary Interventional Procedures)
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31 pages, 21886 KB  
Article
Occurrence and Characteristics of Rock Glaciers in Western Tien Shan
by Aibek Merekeyev, Serik Nurakynov, Tobias Bolch, Gulnara Iskaliyeva, Dinara Talgarbayeva and Nurmakhambet Sydyk
Water 2026, 18(3), 367; https://doi.org/10.3390/w18030367 (registering DOI) - 31 Jan 2026
Abstract
Rock glaciers are key indicators of mountain permafrost and act as climatically resilient water reservoirs in arid mountains. This study presents the first inventory and kinematic classification of rock glaciers in Western Tien Shan (Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan), combining geomorphological mapping with InSAR time-series [...] Read more.
Rock glaciers are key indicators of mountain permafrost and act as climatically resilient water reservoirs in arid mountains. This study presents the first inventory and kinematic classification of rock glaciers in Western Tien Shan (Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan), combining geomorphological mapping with InSAR time-series analysis. Using high-resolution optical imagery (Google Earth Pro (version 7.3.6.10441), Bing Maps, SAS Planet (version 200606.10075), digital elevation models, and Small Baseline Subset InSAR processing, 741 rock glaciers covering more than 70.5 km2 were identified. Activity classification revealed 232 transitional and 509 active forms, with mean seasonal displacement rates of ~15 cm yr−1 calculated based on August and September observations. Spatial analysis showed a strong rock glacier concentration on north-facing slopes (>66% of total area) with reduced potential incoming solar radiation. Rock glaciers mainly occur between 2800 and 3800 m a.s.l., with a mean elevation of 3340 m a.s.l. However, their kinematic activity varies across mid-altitudinal ranges, underscoring the influence of slope, aspect, shading, and local topography. Integration with the Global Permafrost Zonation Index (PZI) indicated a lower permafrost boundary at ~1922 m a.s.l., with the largest and most active glaciers occurring at intermediate PZI values (0.5–0.7). This first rock glacier inventory for the Western Tien Shan establishes a benchmark dataset that supports the validation and refinement of global models at a regional scale, guides priorities for permafrost monitoring, and provides a replicable framework for inventory development in other data-scarce mountain regions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Hydrology)
9 pages, 4504 KB  
Article
Formation of a Pt-Ni Catalyst in the Structure of a Silicon Micro-Fuel Cell
by Vitaliy V. Starkov, Ekaterina A. Gosteva, Alexey Kartsev, Svetlana V. Agasieva and Sorokin I. Dmitry
Molecules 2026, 31(3), 499; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31030499 (registering DOI) - 31 Jan 2026
Abstract
This paper demonstrates the results of constructive technological research on the development of a catalyst with a Ni/PSi@Pt structure. This catalyst eliminates the use of gold in the structure of μ-FC electrodes. This work uses the main technological solutions for the formation of [...] Read more.
This paper demonstrates the results of constructive technological research on the development of a catalyst with a Ni/PSi@Pt structure. This catalyst eliminates the use of gold in the structure of μ-FC electrodes. This work uses the main technological solutions for the formation of a gold-containing “core–shell” structure on the inner surface of pores. Comparative data on the results of assessing the durability of porous silicon electrodes with both Pt catalysts and composite catalysts of the Pt/In2O3, Pt/SnO2, Pt/Au and Pt/Ni types are also presented. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Catalysis Technology for Sustainable Energy Conversion)
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28 pages, 3165 KB  
Article
Assessment of the Reliability of AI Models in Predicting Urban Energy Consumption Under Conditions of Small or Incomplete Data
by Giuseppe Piras, Francesco Muzi and Zahra Ziran
Appl. Sci. 2026, 16(3), 1457; https://doi.org/10.3390/app16031457 (registering DOI) - 31 Jan 2026
Abstract
The use of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) models to forecast urban energy consumption is becoming more widespread, but these models often rely on large, clean and well-distributed datasets. In reality, particularly at a local level, the available data are often [...] Read more.
The use of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) models to forecast urban energy consumption is becoming more widespread, but these models often rely on large, clean and well-distributed datasets. In reality, particularly at a local level, the available data are often limited, inconsistent or incomplete. This study systematically examines the robustness and reliability of AI predictive models in urban small data conditions using a real energy dataset from a neighborhood monitored over 24 months. The analysis compares several ML models trained on progressively shorter historical windows (6, 12, 18 and 24 months) and assesses performance degradation through controlled data quality stress tests, including missing values and noise. Results show that ensemble-based models achieve high accuracy when at least 18–24 months of data are available (normalized R2 up to 0.87), while performance declines markedly below 12 months. Gradient boosting demonstrates the highest robustness under severe data constraints, maintaining normalized R2 values above 0.70 with 12 months of data. Regularized linear models perform competitively in longer, well-structured time series but degrade under extreme data scarcity. An ultra-conservative data augmentation strategy yields limited but consistent improvements (≈1–2%) in short-horizon scenarios. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Computing and Artificial Intelligence)
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27 pages, 4781 KB  
Article
Bioactivity-Guided Fractionation, Characterization, and Mechanistic Insights of Anticancer Agents from Simarouba glauca DC. Leaves
by Sushma Rudraswamy, Yashaswini Devi G. V., Sreeshyla H. Sheshanna, Nagabhushana Doggalli and SubbaRao V. Madhunapantula
Molecules 2026, 31(3), 497; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31030497 (registering DOI) - 31 Jan 2026
Abstract
Although Simarouba glauca DC. has been recognized for its therapeutic properties, its anticancer effects against oral cancer have not been adequately investigated. The present study aimed to evaluate the activity of S. glauca leaf extracts against oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). S. glauca [...] Read more.
Although Simarouba glauca DC. has been recognized for its therapeutic properties, its anticancer effects against oral cancer have not been adequately investigated. The present study aimed to evaluate the activity of S. glauca leaf extracts against oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). S. glauca leaves were extracted using solvents of increasing polarity, and the resulting fractions were evaluated for their phytochemical composition, antioxidant activity, and cytotoxic effects. Among all extracts, the S. glauca hexane extract (SGHE) exhibited the most potent anticancer activity against cell lines representing OSCC (CAL-27), cervical cancer (HeLa), and mouse mammary tumors (4T1). Bioactivity-guided fractionation identified D-erythro-Sphinganine as a major constituent present in hexane extract, possibly contributing to anticancer activity. But since the anticancer activity of crude hexane extract is superior compared to isolated D-erythro-Sphinganine, we predict a synergistic interaction among the multiple bioactive compounds present in the crude hexane extract. Hence, further studies were carried out with crude hexane extract. Mechanistic studies have shown that the anticancer activity of hexane extract is due to its ability to (a) alter cell cycle progression, (b) trigger apoptosis, and (c) inhibit cell migration in CAL-27 cells. Overall, these findings indicate that the hexane extract of S. glauca leaf possesses multi-target anticancer potential and warrants further mechanistic and in vivo investigations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Compounds in Foods, Beverages, and By-Products and Their Functional Potential)
26 pages, 1115 KB  
Article
Analysis of the Effects of World Bank Macroeconomic and Management Indicators on Sustainable Education Quality on PISA Scores Using the SHAP Explainable Artificial Intelligence Method
by Zülfükar Aytaç Kişman, Ayşe Ülkü Kan, Selman Uzun, Mehmet Alper Kan and Güngör Yıldırım
Sustainability 2026, 18(3), 1415; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18031415 (registering DOI) - 31 Jan 2026
Abstract
This study proposes a multi-objective, multi-class explainable modeling framework to explain country performance profiles in PISA Mathematics (PISAM), Reading (PISAR), and Science (PISAS). Instead of treating PISA as a simple ranking, the study models each country’s Low/Medium/High-achieving class and asks which structural signals [...] Read more.
This study proposes a multi-objective, multi-class explainable modeling framework to explain country performance profiles in PISA Mathematics (PISAM), Reading (PISAR), and Science (PISAS). Instead of treating PISA as a simple ranking, the study models each country’s Low/Medium/High-achieving class and asks which structural signals the model relies on when assigning a country to this class. To this end, the study combines governance quality (e.g., accountability, control of corruption, and political stability, etc.), economic and administrative capacity, and regional/institutional location in a single prediction pipeline and explains the resulting classifications with SHAP contributions conditional on class. While the findings do not point to a single, universal determinant, in mathematics, high-level profiles cluster around political stability, economic scale barriers, and regional location, along with governance indicators; in reading, economic capacity is explicitly integrated into this institutional core; and in science, in addition to these two dimensions, the shared institutional dynamics of regional blocs come into play. Furthermore, the study not only produces explanations but also quantitatively reports their reliability. The fit with the model output (Fidelity) and the traceability of the decision logic (Faithfulness) are 0.95/0.85 for PISAM, 0.89/0.92 for PISAR, and 0.89/0.89 for PISAS, which demonstrates high internal consistency and traceability of the decision process. Overall, the study reframes the PISA results not as isolated test scores but as structural profiles generated by the combination of governance, capacity, and region, revealing the policy-relevant levers behind “high performance” as a transparent and reproducible decision-making pipeline. This provides policymakers with an important roadmap for creating a sustainable education policy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Education and Approaches)
17 pages, 407 KB  
Article
Twenty-Four-Month rhGH Intervention: Insights into Redox Regulation, Vascular Biomarkers, and Body Composition in Adult GHD Patients
by Maria Kościuszko, Angelika Buczyńska, Justyna Hryniewicka, Agnieszka Adamska, Katarzyna Siewko, Marcin Zaniuk, Adam Jacek Krętowski and Anna Popławska-Kita
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(3), 1451; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27031451 (registering DOI) - 31 Jan 2026
Abstract
Adult growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is linked to increased cardiovascular and metabolic risk due to oxidative stress (OS), endothelial dysfunction, and unhealthy body composition. Long-term systemic effects of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) therapy remain insufficiently defined. This study assessed the impact of [...] Read more.
Adult growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is linked to increased cardiovascular and metabolic risk due to oxidative stress (OS), endothelial dysfunction, and unhealthy body composition. Long-term systemic effects of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) therapy remain insufficiently defined. This study assessed the impact of 24-month rhGH replacement on OS, vascular markers, body composition, and bone mineral density (BMD) in adults with severe GHD. Fifteen adults with confirmed GHD received rhGH for 24 months. Serum insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), oxidized LDL (Ox-LDL), thioredoxin (Trx), 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1), E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) were measured at baseline and 12 and 24 months. Body composition and BMD were evaluated by DXA. IGF-1 increased significantly at 12 and 24 months (p < 0.001). Ox-LDL markedly decreased (p < 0.00001), while Trx and OGG1 increased (p < 0.05). Levels of E-selectin, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 declined, indicating improved endothelial function. Lean body mass and BMD increased, while body fat parameters showed heterogeneous changes. Lipid profiles were unchanged. Significant correlations were observed between vascular markers and adiposity, and between BMD, triglycerides, and IGF-1. A 24-month course of rhGH therapy improves redox balance, vascular function, and body composition in adults with severe GHD, supporting the use of redox and vascular biomarkers to monitor treatment efficacy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hormone Replacement Therapy)
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32 pages, 16476 KB  
Article
LF-SSM: Lightweight HiPPO-Free State Space Model for Real-Time UAV Tracking
by Tianyu Wang, Xinghua Xu, Shaohua Qiu, Changchong Sheng, Di Wang, Hui Tian and Jiawei Yu
Drones 2026, 10(2), 102; https://doi.org/10.3390/drones10020102 (registering DOI) - 31 Jan 2026
Abstract
Visual object tracking from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) demands both high accuracy and computational efficiency for real-time deployment on resource-constrained platforms. While state space models (SSMs) offer linear computational complexity, existing methods face critical deployment challenges. They rely on the HiPPO framework with [...] Read more.
Visual object tracking from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) demands both high accuracy and computational efficiency for real-time deployment on resource-constrained platforms. While state space models (SSMs) offer linear computational complexity, existing methods face critical deployment challenges. They rely on the HiPPO framework with complex discretization procedures and employ hardware-aware algorithms optimized for high-performance GPUs, which introduce deployment overhead and are difficult to transfer to edge platforms. Additionally, their fixed polynomial bases may cause information loss for tracking features with complex geometric structures. We propose LF-SSM, a lightweight HiPPO (High-order Polynomial Projection Operators)-free state space model that reformulates state evolution on Riemannian manifolds. The core contribution is the Geodesic State Module (GSM), which performs state updates through tangent space projection and exponential mapping on the unit sphere. This design eliminates complex discretization and specialized hardware kernels while providing adaptive local coordinate systems. Extensive experiments on UAV benchmarks demonstrate that LF-SSM achieves state-of-the-art performance while running at 69 frames per second (FPS) with only 18.5 M parameters, demonstrating superior efficiency for real-time edge deployment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Artificial Intelligence in Drones (AID))
22 pages, 2255 KB  
Article
Deep-Sea Marine Metabolites as Promising Anti-Tubercular Agents: CADD-Guided Targeting of the F420-Dependent Oxidoreductase
by Ria Desai, Amane A. Alaroud, Gagan Preet, Rishi Vachaspathy Astakala, Rainer Ebel and Marcel Jaspars
Mar. Drugs 2026, 24(2), 58; https://doi.org/10.3390/md24020058 (registering DOI) - 31 Jan 2026
Abstract
Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), remains a leading global threat, escalated now by the rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR-TB) strains. In search of a novel anti-tubercular agent with a distinct mechanism of action, this study explores deep-sea marine [...] Read more.
Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), remains a leading global threat, escalated now by the rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR-TB) strains. In search of a novel anti-tubercular agent with a distinct mechanism of action, this study explores deep-sea marine metabolites as potential inhibitors of the F420-dependent oxidoreductase Rv1155, a redox enzyme essential for M. tb survival. A total of 2773 marine-derived compounds curated from the CMNPD, Reaxys, and MarinLit databases were screened using an integrated CADD workflow combining molecular docking, in-silico ADMET profiling, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Docking identified 68 metabolites with strong affinity (−10.98 to −15.95 kcal/mol) for the Rv1155 binding pocket, and from which three compounds, Upenamide (CMNPD_22964), Aspyronol (Compound_1749), and Fiscpropionate F (Compound_1796), were shortlisted as hit candidates. Among these, Upenamide displayed the strongest binding (ΔG = −28.56 kcal/mol) with stable RMSD and hydrogen bond persistence during 100 ns MD simulation, while Aspyronol demonstrated a promising ADMET profile comparable to the native cofactor F4202. MM-GBSA analysis further confirmed the strong binding strength (ΔG _bind = −24.77 to −34.07 kcal/mol) for all three hit candidates. These findings confirm the strong and stable interaction of selected deep-sea marine metabolites with Rv1155. This validated screening pipeline established here provides a cost-effective framework for future experimental validation and expansion to additional F420-related drug targets in M. tb. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Molecules from Extreme Environments III)
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25 pages, 3218 KB  
Review
Ankle Bracing as a Public Health Game Changer: A Narrative Review on the Prevention of Ankle Injuries in Basketball Players
by Goran Slivšek, Marin Marinović, Sandra Mijač, Ivan Dolanc, Silvija Petković, Renato Mautner, Josip Kranjčić, Iva Sorta-Bilajac Turina, Karmen Lončarek, Ksenija Vitale and Miran Čoklo
Medicina 2026, 62(2), 287; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina62020287 (registering DOI) - 31 Jan 2026
Abstract
Ankle injuries are among the most common sports injuries in basketball and represent a substantial public health and economic burden. This narrative review synthesises evidence on ankle bracing as external protective support and shows that ankle braces reduce the risk of both first-time [...] Read more.
Ankle injuries are among the most common sports injuries in basketball and represent a substantial public health and economic burden. This narrative review synthesises evidence on ankle bracing as external protective support and shows that ankle braces reduce the risk of both first-time injuries and ankle re-injuries in basketball players without significantly affecting sport-specific performance, such as sprinting, jumping, or changing direction. Similarly, despite earlier theoretical concerns, current evidence shows no increased risk of knee injury associated with the use of ankle bracing. Mechanistic studies indicate that protection is provided by limiting excessive frontal-plane motion, enhancing proprioceptive feedback, and increasing perceived joint stability. Economic analyses show that a single ankle injury generates considerable direct and indirect costs, whereas seasonal team-wide ankle bracing programmes are low cost per athlete and likely cost-effective at scale. As a public health measure, ankle bracing is practical and easily scalable in community and sports settings. Overall, routine ankle bracing is shown to be a feasible, low-cost strategy for primary and secondary prevention of ankle injuries in basketball without compromising performance, and may support broader participation goals aligned with Sport for All principles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Update on Orthopedic Surgeries of the Lower Extremity Diseases and Injuries: 3rd Edition)
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23 pages, 6324 KB  
Article
Research on Star Sensor Imaging Simulation Under Near-Space Hypersonic Non-Equilibrium Flow Conditions
by Zhen Liao, Hongyuan Wang, Xi Cheng, Boqi Liu, Yunzhao Zang, Yinxi Lu, Shuai Yao and Zhiqiang Yan
Sensors 2026, 26(3), 924; https://doi.org/10.3390/s26030924 (registering DOI) - 31 Jan 2026
Abstract
In order to address the difficulty in acquiring degraded images for star sensors under hypersonic conditions, this paper proposes a star sensor imaging simulation model which can effectively analyze the influence of thermochemical non-equilibrium flow on the star sensor. Firstly, the two-temperature model [...] Read more.
In order to address the difficulty in acquiring degraded images for star sensors under hypersonic conditions, this paper proposes a star sensor imaging simulation model which can effectively analyze the influence of thermochemical non-equilibrium flow on the star sensor. Firstly, the two-temperature model is adopted to describe the relaxation phenomenon of hypersonic non-equilibrium flow, and the chemical reaction is simulated by Arrhenius law. Then, the effects of optical transmission and thermal radiation on star sensor imaging are quantitatively analyzed. Based on this degradation model, the degraded star images under two typical working conditions are simulated. The simulation results show that the radiation of the solid media has the most significant influence on the imaging of the star sensor. The detectable limit magnitudes of the star sensor obtained under the two working conditions are 3.28 and 4.55, respectively. The research results can provide important theory and technical support for the system design and algorithm testing of star sensors on near-space hypersonic platforms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Optical Sensors)
16 pages, 1401 KB  
Article
Unveiling Specificity, Redundancy, and Promiscuity of Five Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mitochondrial Carriers
by Pawel Lojko, Lyubomir Dimitrov Stanchev, Felicia Cara Schulz, Christoph Crocoll, Carlos G. Acevedo-Rocha and Irina Borodina
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(3), 1450; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27031450 (registering DOI) - 31 Jan 2026
Abstract
The transport of metabolites across biological membranes is vital for normal cellular functions, including nutrient uptake, homeostasis, and toxin efflux. In eukaryotes, mitochondrial transporters in the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) play a pivotal role in energy production, metabolism, and the biosynthesis of a [...] Read more.
The transport of metabolites across biological membranes is vital for normal cellular functions, including nutrient uptake, homeostasis, and toxin efflux. In eukaryotes, mitochondrial transporters in the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) play a pivotal role in energy production, metabolism, and the biosynthesis of a wide range of compounds. While functional assignments exist for over half of the mitochondrial transporters, emerging high-throughput methodologies underscore the need for reassessment and expansion of the current knowledge, particularly as evidence suggesting functional redundancy and substrate promiscuity has emerged. In this study, we investigated the substrate specificity of five yeast mitochondrial transporters—Crc1 (YOR100c), Ctp1 (YBR291c), Oac1 (YKL120w), Pet9 (YBL030c), and Yhm2 (YMR241w)—via heterologous gene expression in Xenopus laevis oocytes and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based transport assays. We used two substrate mixtures: a 17-compound organic acid mix and a 13C-labeled yeast metabolite extract. Our results revealed broader substrate specificities than previously reported, as partially supported by substrate docking simulations. Pet9 transported several organic acids and amino acids, while Yhm2 showed uptake of nine amino acids and fumaric acid. Additional promiscuous transport activity was observed for Crc1, indicating that these proteins may have more extensive metabolic roles than previously known. This study advances the understanding of yeast mitochondrial transporter function, demonstrating redundancy and broad substrate specificity among mitochondrial carriers. It highlights the importance of utilizing in vivo heterologous systems and physiologically relevant substrate mixtures to elucidate transporter functionality. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mitochondria: Transport of Metabolites Across Biological Membranes)
10 pages, 518 KB  
Article
Patient-Reported Outcomes and Preferences for Total Hip Arthroplasty Approach—Crossover Cohort Study
by Paweł Skowronek, Paweł Jankowski, Katarzyna Czarzasta and Mateusz Kawka
J. Clin. Med. 2026, 15(3), 1127; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15031127 (registering DOI) - 31 Jan 2026
Abstract
Background: Evidence comparing the Direct Anterior Approach (DAA) for total hip arthroplasty (THA) to other approaches is conflicting, particularly regarding patient-reported outcomes. This study aimed to compare the outcomes and preferences of the DAA and Posterolateral (PLA) and Lateral (LA) Approaches within a [...] Read more.
Background: Evidence comparing the Direct Anterior Approach (DAA) for total hip arthroplasty (THA) to other approaches is conflicting, particularly regarding patient-reported outcomes. This study aimed to compare the outcomes and preferences of the DAA and Posterolateral (PLA) and Lateral (LA) Approaches within a crossover cohort. Methods: This retrospective crossover study included 69 patients who underwent staged bilateral THA with a DAA on one hip and either a PLA (n = 29) or LA (n = 40) on the contralateral hip. At a minimum 12-month follow-up, patient-reported outcomes, including length of stay, mobilization, crutch use, functional scores (mHHS, HOOS-PS, and NRPS), and preferences, were collected via telephone survey and analyzed using a paired t-test. Results: Compared to other approaches, the DAA resulted in a significantly shorter length of stay (p < 0.001), earlier mobilization (p < 0.001), and shorter duration of crutch use (p < 0.001). At 12 months, the DAA group also reported higher modified Harris Hip Scores (p < 0.05) and lower pain scores (p < 0.05). The majority of patients preferred DAA to both PLA (60.7%) and LA (72.5%). Conclusions: In this within-patient comparison, DAA provided a significantly faster early recovery and was strongly preferred by patients. These early postoperative advantages are critical for patients, and should be prominent in the shared decision-making process for THA. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Arthroplasty: Advances in Surgical Techniques and Patient Outcomes—2nd Edition)
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25 pages, 1404 KB  
Article
Phonological Feature Posteriors and Cue-Specific Accent Perception in Hindi- and Tamil-Accented English
by Nitin Venkateswaran and Ratree Wayland
Brain Sci. 2026, 16(2), 177; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci16020177 (registering DOI) - 31 Jan 2026
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Accented speech reflects systematic deviation from target-language phonetic norms. This study demonstrates that perceived accent strength covaries with selective, gradient differences in phonological feature realization. We examine whether perceived accents in Hindi- and Tamil-accented English reflect uniform segmental deviation or cue-specific [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Accented speech reflects systematic deviation from target-language phonetic norms. This study demonstrates that perceived accent strength covaries with selective, gradient differences in phonological feature realization. We examine whether perceived accents in Hindi- and Tamil-accented English reflect uniform segmental deviation or cue-specific patterns of phonological feature realization. Methods: English speech produced by native speakers of Hindi and Tamil was evaluated using native listener accentedness ratings. Phonetic variation was analyzed using posterior probabilities of phonological features derived from a machine learning model, Phonet. The analyses focused on liquids (laterals and rhotics (e.g., /l/, /ɭ/, and /ɻ/) and labial segments in the fricative–glide space (e.g., /v/, /w/, and /ʋ/), with attention to word position and feature-level generalization. Results: Accentedness ratings differed systematically for Hindi- and Tamil-accented English and covaried with a subset of phonological feature dimensions, yielding contrast- and context-specific patterns of perceptually relevant variation. Not all features that varied in production contributed to perceived accent strength. Conclusions: These findings support a cue-specific, perception-grounded account of accentedness and establish phonological feature posteriors derived from Phonet as interpretable phonological categories through which gradient L2 production differences are evaluated by listeners. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Language Perception and Processing)
36 pages, 2875 KB  
Review
Analyzing Plant Low-Molecular-Weight Polar Metabolites: A GC-MS Approach
by Tatiana Bilova, Nadezhda Frolova, Anastasia Orlova, Svetlana Silinskaia, Akif Mailov, Veronika Popova and Andrej Frolov
Plants 2026, 15(3), 445; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15030445 (registering DOI) - 31 Jan 2026
Abstract
Decades ago, the introduction of GC-MS marked a significant advancement in primary plant metabolite studies. Here, in our review, we will delve into critical aspects of the workflow, spanning the selection of an analytical platform, sample preparation, analytical acquisition, and data processing and [...] Read more.
Decades ago, the introduction of GC-MS marked a significant advancement in primary plant metabolite studies. Here, in our review, we will delve into critical aspects of the workflow, spanning the selection of an analytical platform, sample preparation, analytical acquisition, and data processing and interpretation. The exceptional separation capabilities of GC, characterized by remarkable chromatographic resolution, render it ideal for analysis of the complex plant metabolome, including the separation of isomeric compounds. The diversity of analytical platforms allows the investigation of plant metabolomes using targeted and non-targeted approaches. GC-MS, equipped with efficient extraction methods and reliable derivatization protocols for semi- and non-volatile compounds, enables qualitative and quantitative analysis of these molecules. The stability of derivatives forms the foundation for the robustness and reproducibility of GC-MS methods, and their mass spectra provide characteristic fragments for confident identification and sensitive quantification of individual metabolites. There has been key progress in the advancement of GC-MS approaches to studying plant metabolism. However, the presence of artifacts during GC-MS analysis, particularly during derivatization, is a challenge that requires careful validations, which frequently necessitate additional investigations. The feasible solutions that were achieved to overcome the limitations in GC-MS-based studies are a particular focus of the present discussion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Research in Plant Analytical Chemistry)
12 pages, 1598 KB  
Article
Radiological Phenotypes of Bronchiectasis Based on Airway Generation
by Xueqing Yang, Jianping Song, Hongqing Zhang, Nanchuan Jiang, Dongmei Zhang, Zhuanyun Li, Yamin Fan, Yaya Zhou, Weimin Tian, Jianchu Zhang, Wanli Ma and Xiaorong Wang
Biomedicines 2026, 14(2), 337; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines14020337 (registering DOI) - 31 Jan 2026
Abstract
Background: High-resolution computed tomography reveals a marked radiological heterogeneity in bronchiectasis; however, the clinical characteristics have not been clearly elucidated. Method: We conducted a prospective observational cohort of 334 bronchiectasis patients at Wuhan Union Hospital. Patients were classified into distal airway (DA) and [...] Read more.
Background: High-resolution computed tomography reveals a marked radiological heterogeneity in bronchiectasis; however, the clinical characteristics have not been clearly elucidated. Method: We conducted a prospective observational cohort of 334 bronchiectasis patients at Wuhan Union Hospital. Patients were classified into distal airway (DA) and proximal–intermediate airway (PIA) phenotypes and followed every six months for exacerbations. Clinical, inflammatory, microbial, and metabolic features were compared between groups. Results: Among 334 patients, 206 were classified as DA and 128 as PIA. Most allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis cases belonged to the PIA group (p < 0.001). The DA group showed a lower FEV1%pred (p = 0.010) and Bhalla scores (p < 0.001), higher BSI (p = 0.003) and FACED scores (p < 0.001), more frequent exacerbations (p = 0.002), and a greater prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) colonization (p < 0.001). Radiologically, the DA group exhibited more extensive structural lung damage (all p < 0.05). Inflammatory profiling showed higher neutrophil counts (p = 0.047) and elevated CRP levels (p = 0.006) in DA, whereas the PIA group was characterized by eosinophilic inflammation (p = 0.026); no significant differences were observed in inflammatory cytokine levels. Microbial interaction network analysis revealed distinct ecological structures between phenotypes. The PIA group showed strong negative correlations with Streptococcus, Rothia, and other commensal taxa, whereas the DA group exhibited no significant associations between Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other species. Furthermore, metabolomic analyses revealed elevated 4-hydroxynonenal levels in the DA group, which also experienced a higher rate of acute exacerbations during follow-up (p = 0.003). Conclusions: Distinct radiological phenotypes based on airway generation in bronchiectasis are associated with different clinical severity, inflammatory profiles, and microbiome features which enable personalized bronchiectasis management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular and Translational Medicine)
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23 pages, 6499 KB  
Article
Study on Flow Field Excitation and Rotor Shaft Response of the High-Temperature Molten Salt Circulating Primary Pump
by Xiongfa Gao, Xinyi Zhang, Weidong Shi, Daohong Wang, Ruijie Zhao and Zhiyu Zhu
Processes 2026, 14(3), 502; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14030502 (registering DOI) - 31 Jan 2026
Abstract
This study examines the impact of fluid excitation forces on the dynamic response of high-temperature molten salt circulating primary pump rotor systems. Unsteady simulations were conducted in ANSYS CFX to characterize pressure pulsation and radial forces across all impeller stages. Critical speeds and [...] Read more.
This study examines the impact of fluid excitation forces on the dynamic response of high-temperature molten salt circulating primary pump rotor systems. Unsteady simulations were conducted in ANSYS CFX to characterize pressure pulsation and radial forces across all impeller stages. Critical speeds and vibration modes were subsequently analyzed using SAMCEF to evaluate transient responses under varying flow rates. Key findings: Numerical performance predictions align with experimental data within a 5% error margin. The first-stage impeller exhibits a pressure-pulsation frequency of twice the rotational frequency (2 fR), while the fifth-stage impeller oscillates at the guide-vane passing frequency (fDPF). Under rated conditions, the radial force on the first stage is significantly larger than on the other stages. As the flow rate varies, the radial forces on the first and fifth stages change in opposite directions due to rotor–stator interaction. The rotor system’s critical speed (1894.5 r/min) exceeds the operating speed, eliminating resonance risk. Without radial forces, impeller displacements follow elliptical trajectories with maximum amplitude at the fifth stage. When radial forces are included, displacements become irregular, and shaft constraints cause peak displacement at the fourth stage. These findings provide useful insight for the design and analysis of molten salt primary pump rotor systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Petroleum and Low-Carbon Energy Process Engineering)
18 pages, 1486 KB  
Article
Real-World Outcomes of Axicabtagene Ciloleucel for Treatment of Relapsed or Refractory Large B-Cell Lymphoma in Canada
by Christopher Lemieux, John Kuruvilla, Mona Shafey, Kelly Davison, Kristjan Paulson, Sue Z. L. Li, Lieven Billen, Francis Nissen, Hai-Lin Wang, Jenny J. Kim, Grace Lee, Zhen-Huan Hu, Brent Logan, Zhongyu Feng, Marcelo C. Pasquini and Kevin Hay
Curr. Oncol. 2026, 33(2), 85; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol33020085 (registering DOI) - 31 Jan 2026
Abstract
CD19 CAR T-cell therapy has significantly improved the survival of patients with relapsed or refractory large B cell lymphoma (R/R LBCL) and is considered standard of care for eligible patients in Canada. Axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) is an autologous CAR T-cell therapy, initially approved [...] Read more.
CD19 CAR T-cell therapy has significantly improved the survival of patients with relapsed or refractory large B cell lymphoma (R/R LBCL) and is considered standard of care for eligible patients in Canada. Axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) is an autologous CAR T-cell therapy, initially approved by Health Canada for adults with R/R LBCL after 2 or more lines of therapy. This multi-centre analysis, with registry data collected from CIBMTR, aims to present a Canadian perspective on the real-world experience of axi-cel in patients with R/R LBCL. With a median follow-up of 12.4 months, the best objective response rate (ORR) and complete response (CR) rate among all patients were 77% and 59%, respectively. At 12 months, estimated progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 49% and 59%, respectively. Notably, the incidence and severity of adverse events were lower in this cohort compared to ZUMA-1 and other real-world reports, with CRS occurring in 77% (grade ≥ 3, 3%) and ICANS occurring in 38% (grade ≥ 3, 10%) of patients. Outcomes remained largely consistent across patient and disease characteristics. These findings demonstrate effectiveness and safety profiles comparable to international real-world studies and the ZUMA-1 trial, supporting the use of axi-cel as an effective treatment across broad Canadian populations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Cell Therapy)
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21 pages, 393 KB  
Review
Trends and Challenges in Environmental Markets for Sustainable Economic Development
by Joanne C. Burgess and Edward B. Barbier
Sustainability 2026, 18(3), 1424; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18031424 (registering DOI) - 31 Jan 2026
Abstract
As ecosystems decline and their valuable goods and services become scarce, there is growing interest in developing and utilizing environmental markets. Such markets have the potential to reduce environmental risks, provide incentives for sustainable management and restoration, and generate revenue for conservation efforts. [...] Read more.
As ecosystems decline and their valuable goods and services become scarce, there is growing interest in developing and utilizing environmental markets. Such markets have the potential to reduce environmental risks, provide incentives for sustainable management and restoration, and generate revenue for conservation efforts. The expansion in environmental markets and private finance is particularly significant for developing countries, which host a considerable proportion of global environmental benefits but lack sufficient funds to finance nature conservation. This review examines three types of environmental markets that are relevant to developing countries: markets for sustainably produced commodities; trade in natural resource credits, such as carbon, biodiversity, and water; and nature-based finance markets for natural and ecological assets. The challenges and opportunities impacting the creation and operation of these markets in developing countries are explored. If the opportunities are to be realized, there is a need for policies that support the economic viability of environmental markets and private finance in developing countries, protect the environment and maintain vital ecosystems, while promoting sustainable economic development. This paper offers a unique contribution to the existing literature by examining the emerging environmental markets, innovative funding approaches for environmental conservation and sustainable management in developing countries, and the policies needed to support them. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Challenges and Sustainable Trends in Development Economics)
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25 pages, 22059 KB  
Article
Geochronology, Geochemistry, and Geological Implications of the Baiyingaolao Formation Volcanic Rocks in the Tulihe Area, Northern Great Xing’an Range, NE China
by Taotao Wu, Cong Chen, Yu Fan, Xiangxi Meng, Liangxi Chen, Qingshuang Wang and Yongheng Zhou
Minerals 2026, 16(2), 166; https://doi.org/10.3390/min16020166 (registering DOI) - 31 Jan 2026
Abstract
The northern segment of the Great Xing’an Range, northeastern China, hosts a previously unrecognized near-E–W-trending rhyolite belt in the Tulihe area. We conducted systematic geochronological and geochemical investigations to constrain its formation age, petrogenesis, and regional tectonic significance. Field investigation, petrographic observation, and [...] Read more.
The northern segment of the Great Xing’an Range, northeastern China, hosts a previously unrecognized near-E–W-trending rhyolite belt in the Tulihe area. We conducted systematic geochronological and geochemical investigations to constrain its formation age, petrogenesis, and regional tectonic significance. Field investigation, petrographic observation, and zircon laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) U–Pb dating indicate that the rhyolite belt was formed during the Early Cretaceous, with emplacement ages directly determined from three samples ranging from 143.8 to 131.5 Ma. Geochemically, the rhyolites yielded high SiO2 contents (74.44–75.88 wt.%), high total alkalis (K2O + Na2O = 8.50–8.99 wt.%), and low MgO contents (0.16–0.55 wt.%). They displayed strong enrichment in light rare earth elements and depletion in high field strength elements, weakly negative Eu anomalies, A/CNK ratios near unity, and relatively high Nb/Ta ratios. Trace element signatures and incompatible element abundances (Zr + Nb + Ce + Y = 193.2–338.3 × 10−6) are mostly consistent with highly fractionated I-type volcanic rocks, rather than S-type or M-type affinities. The geochemical data suggest that the rhyolites were mainly generated by partial melting of a medium- to high-K basaltic lower crust, with minor crustal assimilation and limited mantle input. Tectonically, Early Cretaceous magmatism in the northern Great Xing’an Range was governed by flat-slab subduction and subsequent rollback of the Paleo-Pacific (Izanagi) plate, while the local E–W-trending rhyolite belt was controlled by pre-existing faults, reflecting localized post-orogenic extension consistent with regional NE-trending volcanic belts. The northwest-to-southeast younging trend records asthenospheric upwelling and enhanced crust–mantle interaction induced by slab rollback. These results highlight the petrogenetic and tectonic evolution of medium- to high-K magmatism along the NE Asian continental margin and improve our understanding of Mesozoic volcanism in the Great Xing’an Range. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from the 7th National Youth Geological Congress)
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29 pages, 778 KB  
Review
Dysregulated Skeletal Muscle Lipid Handling Drives Myocardial Mitochondrial Dysfunction Through ASK-1 and PPARγ Signaling
by Preyangsee Dutta and Dwaipayan Saha
Lipidology 2026, 3(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/lipidology3010005 (registering DOI) - 31 Jan 2026
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in insulin-resistant individuals, with metabolic cardiomyopathy preceding overt heart failure in a substantial proportion of patients with diabetes. Skeletal muscle accounts for approximately 40% of body mass and nearly 80% of insulin-stimulated glucose disposal, positioning [...] Read more.
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in insulin-resistant individuals, with metabolic cardiomyopathy preceding overt heart failure in a substantial proportion of patients with diabetes. Skeletal muscle accounts for approximately 40% of body mass and nearly 80% of insulin-stimulated glucose disposal, positioning it as a major determinant of systemic lipid flux. Dysregulation of lipid droplet dynamics, lipolysis, and fatty acid trafficking in skeletal muscle alters circulating lipid availability and promotes ectopic lipid deposition and mitochondrial stress in the myocardium. Intramyocellular lipid handling is governed by coordinated actions of lipid droplets, perilipin proteins (PLIN2 and PLIN3), adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), and diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGAT1/2), which together regulate the rate and composition of fatty acid release into the circulation. Impaired coupling between intramyocellular lipid droplet turnover and mitochondrial oxidation in insulin-resistant muscle increases circulating free fatty acids, reducing cardiac oxidative capacity. In response, the myocardium undergoes mitochondrial lipid remodeling, including alterations in cardiolipin composition that impair cristae structure and electron transport chain efficiency. Excess lipid exposure activates apoptosis signal-regulating kinase-1 (ASK-1), promoting cardiomyocyte apoptosis and inflammatory signaling, while peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) modulates lipid uptake, storage, and mitochondrial oxidation in a context-dependent manner. This review integrates skeletal muscle–cardiac lipid crosstalk with ASK-1 and PPARγ signaling to define mechanisms linking peripheral insulin resistance to early myocardial dysfunction and to identify targets for intervention before irreversible cardiac remodeling develops. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lipid Metabolism and Inflammation-Related Diseases)
26 pages, 1705 KB  
Review
Amazonian Fungal Diversity and the Potential of Basidiomycetes as Sources of Novel Antimicrobials
by Luana C. R. M. dos Santos, Juan D. R. de Almeida, Naira S. O. de Sousa, Flávia da S. Fernandes, João F. V. Ennes, Hagen Frickmann, João V. B. de Souza and Érica S. de Souza
Biology 2026, 15(3), 261; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology15030261 (registering DOI) - 31 Jan 2026
Abstract
The Amazon Forest harbors one of the largest fungal diversities on the planet, occupying a wide variety of ecological niches comprising terra firme (non-flooded forest), várzea (white-water floodplains), and igapó (black-water floodplains). In this review article, we examine Amazonian fungal diversity based on [...] Read more.
The Amazon Forest harbors one of the largest fungal diversities on the planet, occupying a wide variety of ecological niches comprising terra firme (non-flooded forest), várzea (white-water floodplains), and igapó (black-water floodplains). In this review article, we examine Amazonian fungal diversity based on three complementary approaches—culture-based surveys, in situ inventories of macrofungi, and environmental DNA/metagenomic analyses—discussing advances, limitations, and contributions to regional mycological knowledge. Subsequently, we present a critical synthesis of the potential of Amazonian basidiomycetes regarding the production of metabolites with antimicrobial activity, highlighting the main genera reported in the literature, the chemical classes involved (e.g., terpenes, steroids, quinones, and bioactive peptides), and the metabolic pathways responsible for their biosynthesis. The integration between biodiversity and bioprospecting underscores the importance of Amazonian fungi both for understanding ecological processes and for the development of new solutions to the antimicrobial resistance challenge. This work seeks to fill current gaps in the academic literature and to contribute to future strategies for the conservation and sustainable use of regional mycobiota. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Microbiology)
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25 pages, 3411 KB  
Article
ddRAD-seq Reveals Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Primula beesiana
by Qishao Li, Zihan Li, Sihan Zhang, Zhanghong Dong, Yongpeng Ma and Peiyao Xin
Horticulturae 2026, 12(2), 178; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae12020178 (registering DOI) - 31 Jan 2026
Abstract
Primula beesiana is a perennial herbaceous plant predominantly distributed in the alpine wetland regions of Yunnan Province, China. This species faces dual threats from habitat fragmentation and climate change, but research into its genetic background is severely lacking. Consequently, systematic analysis of the [...] Read more.
Primula beesiana is a perennial herbaceous plant predominantly distributed in the alpine wetland regions of Yunnan Province, China. This species faces dual threats from habitat fragmentation and climate change, but research into its genetic background is severely lacking. Consequently, systematic analysis of the genetic diversity and population structure of Primula beesiana is crucial in formulating scientific conservation strategies. In this study, 86 individuals from six natural populations in Lijiang City, Yunnan Province, were collected and genotyped using double-digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD-seq). A total of 1537 high-quality SNP loci were identified and used for genetic diversity, principal component (PCA), population structure (STRUCTURE), and gene flow analyses. Analysis of base substitutions revealed twelve mutation types, with transversions accounting for 67.9% and a transition/transversion ratio (Ti/Tv) of 0.47, potentially indicating strong environmental selection pressure. Although high overall genetic diversity was observed, significant genetic differentiation may exist among populations (Fst = 0.0056-0.0407), with heterozygote deficiency detected across all populations. Genetic structure analyses consistently grouped the six populations into four distinct clusters. Populations MDJ, WH, and HS each formed independent clusters, exhibiting clear genetic isolation, whereas XHC2, XHC1, and NX clustered together, showing high genetic similarity and frequent gene flow. Mantel tests demonstrated a significant positive correlation between genetic and geographical distances (r = 0.854, p < 0.01), supporting an isolation-by-distance model. Gene flow estimates varied considerably among populations (5.90-44.69) and decreased with increasing geographical distance. This study provides the first genomic-level evidence of significant genetic differentiation and isolation based on distance in Primula beesiana populations, offering crucial scientific support in identifying evolutionarily significant units and developing zoned conservation management strategies for this species. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, 2nd Edition)
11 pages, 253 KB  
Article
Determinants of Severe Financial Distress in U.S. Acute Care Hospitals: A National Longitudinal Study
by James R. Langabeer, Francine R. Vega, Audrey Sarah Cohen, Tiffany Champagne-Langabeer, Andrea J. Yatsco and Karima Lalani
Healthcare 2026, 14(3), 366; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14030366 (registering DOI) - 31 Jan 2026
Abstract
Background: Financial sustainability remains a central challenge for U.S. hospitals as rising operating costs, shifting federal reimbursement, and policy uncertainty intensify economic pressures. This study estimates the prevalence and recent changes in financial distress among U.S. short-term acute care hospitals. Methods: [...] Read more.
Background: Financial sustainability remains a central challenge for U.S. hospitals as rising operating costs, shifting federal reimbursement, and policy uncertainty intensify economic pressures. This study estimates the prevalence and recent changes in financial distress among U.S. short-term acute care hospitals. Methods: We conducted a national longitudinal analysis of all U.S. short-term acute care hospitals from 2021 to 2023 using financial and operational data from Medicare cost reports linked with community-level data from the American Community Survey. Financial distress was measured using the Altman Z-score, with severe distress defined as Z ≤ 1.8. Logistic regression models were used to identify organizational, operational, and market characteristics associated with distress. Results: The proportion of hospitals classified as severely financially distressed increased from 18.6% in 2021 to 22.0% in 2023. Operating margins and returns on assets declined significantly over the study period, while mean Z-scores showed a modest but non-significant downward trend. In adjusted models, urban hospitals had higher odds of distress (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.15–1.40, p < 0.001), as did hospitals with longer average lengths of stay (OR 1.07 per day, 95% CI 1.04–1.09, p < 0.001) and higher debt-to-equity ratios (OR 1.05 per unit, 95% CI 1.05–1.06, p < 0.001). Higher occupancy rates were protective (OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.25–0.40, p < 0.001). Larger market population was also associated with increased distress risk (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.21–2.14, p = 0.001), while other market characteristics were not significant. Conclusions: Financial distress remains widespread and appears to be increasing among U.S. acute care hospitals. Operational efficiency, capital structure, and local market scale are key drivers of financial vulnerability, highlighting the need for targeted strategies to strengthen hospital resilience and preserve access to essential acute care services. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Healthcare Organizations, Systems, and Providers)
22 pages, 3487 KB  
Article
Structure Influences Case Processing: Electrophysiological Insights from Hindi Light Verb Constructions
by Anna Merin Mathew, R. Muralikrishnan, Mahima Gulati and Kamal Kumar Choudhary
Brain Sci. 2026, 16(2), 176; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci16020176 (registering DOI) - 31 Jan 2026
Abstract
Background: Case marking serves as a crucial cue in sentence processing, enabling the prediction of upcoming arguments, thematic roles, and event structure. Cross-linguistic studies have revealed language-specific variations in case processing, with differences observed between nominative–accusative and ergative languages, albeit with limited data [...] Read more.
Background: Case marking serves as a crucial cue in sentence processing, enabling the prediction of upcoming arguments, thematic roles, and event structure. Cross-linguistic studies have revealed language-specific variations in case processing, with differences observed between nominative–accusative and ergative languages, albeit with limited data from the latter. Objective: To this end, we investigated case processing in Hindi compound light verb constructions, leveraging its split-ergative system. Methods: An ERP study was conducted with twenty-four native Hindi speakers, wherein the subject case (ergative or nominative) either matched or mismatched with the aspect marking on the light verb (perfective or imperfective). Results: The results revealed distinct ERP effects depending upon the subject case: a P600 effect for ergative case violations at the imperfective light verb and a biphasic N400-P600 effect for nominative case violations at the perfective light verb. Conclusions: These findings suggest underlying neurophysiological differences in the processing of ergative versus nominative case alignment within light verb structures. Moving forward, a closer examination of structure-specific neurophysiological variation can help bridge the gap between typological distributions and their neural underpinnings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Language Perception and Processing)
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